友情提示:如果本网页打开太慢或显示不完整,请尝试鼠标右键“刷新”本网页!阅读过程发现任何错误请告诉我们,谢谢!! 报告错误
小说一起看 返回本书目录 我的书架 我的书签 TXT全本下载 进入书吧 加入书签

牛津实用英语语法-第47章

按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页,按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页,按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部!
————未阅读完?加入书签已便下次继续阅读!



老师:你们不必把整本书全读完,但必须读完前四章。
You must cut down that dead tree or it will fall on your house.
你必须把那棵死树砍了,否则它会倒在你的屋顶上。
Doctor:You mustn't take more than two of these pills at once.Three might be fatal.
医生:这些药你每次服用时不得超过两片。服三片就可能有生命危险。
Doctor(to patient's wife):If the pain has gone he needn't take any more of these.
医生(对患者的妻子):如果疼痛已经消失了,他就不必再服这些药片了。




'Amber demo'


148 need 的各种形式

A need既可以作助动词,也可以作普通动词。用为助动词时,它是半情态动词,即它既有情态动词的形式又有普通动词的形式。它的情态动词的形式有need或need not/needn't,可用于各种人称的现在时、将来时和间接引语中。(参见下面C节。)疑问式:need I?等否定疑问式:need I not?/needn't I?等need以上述各种形式变化时,后面接不带to的不定式(即动词原形)。
B need为助动词时一般只在下述情况下可以用于肯定式:当一个否定句或疑问句由于前面加上一个短语而使其中的否定动词或疑问动词变成肯定的意思时:
I needn't wear a coat./I don't suppose I need wear a coat.
我不需要穿外衣。/我认为我不需要穿外衣。
Need I tell Tom?/Do you think I need tell Tom?
我需要告诉汤姆吗?/你认为我需要告诉汤姆吗?
有时在相当正规的英语中,它也与hardly/scarcely或only连用:
I need hardly say how pleased we are to wele Mr X.
我几乎不用说我们是多么高兴欢迎X先生的来到。(我无需说……)
You need only touch one of the pictures for all the alarm bells to start ringing.
你只要摸一下其中的一幅画,所有的警铃就都会响起来。(如果你摸到其中的一幅画,所有的铃……)
C needn't 在直接引语中可以不必改变:
You needn't pay till the 31st,'he says/said.
他说:“你到31号才需要付钱。”相当于:
He says/said I needn't pay till the 31st.
他说我到31号才需要付钱。
(参见第325节C。)
D need变否定形式时也可像普通动词一样变化,如下面第149节所示。表中也列出了相应的have to形式。关于疑问句形式参见第151节。
need与will/shall,do/does/did等助动词连用时应当用带to 的不定式,有时称为need to以引起学生注意。




'Amber demo'


149 表示无义务的各种形式

==================================
  ABC Amber CHM Converter v6。22
  Trial version
==================================
但是,关于needn't在间接引语中的用法,参见上面第148节C。
shan't/won't need to=shan't/won't have to
don't/doesn't need to=don't/doesn't have to
didn't need to= didn't have to(但 didn't have to更常见)
从上面的表格中可以看出,与haven't/hasn't got to和 hadn't got to完全同义的 need的形式是不存在的。




'Amber demo'


150 need not与其他各种形式的区别

A1 如前所述,need not表示说话人的权威或劝告:
You needn't write me another cheque.Just change the date and initial it.
你不必给我另开一张支票。你只需改一下日期并签上你姓名的第一个字母。
I'm in no hurry.He needn't send it by air.He can send it by sea.
我不着急。他不必用航空寄来。海运过来就行。
You needn't do it by hand.I'll lend you my machine.
你不必用手缝。我把缝纫机借给你。
You needn't call me Mr Jones.We all use first names here.
你不用管我叫琼斯先生。我们这里都只叫名字。
College lecturer:You needn't type your essays but you must write legi… bly.
大学教师:你们不必把文章用打字机打出来,但必须字迹清楚。
2 其他表示外界权威的形式:
Tom doesn't have to wear uniform at school.
汤姆在学校不一定要穿校服。
We don't have to type our essays but we have to write legibly.
我们的文章不一定要打出来,但字迹一定要清楚。
When I'm an old age pensioner I won't have to pay any more bus fares.
等我到领取养老金的时候,我坐公共汽车就不用买票了。
Ann hasn't got to go/doesn't have to go to this lecture.Attendance is op… tional.
安不一定非去听讲。那讲座是可去可不去的。
When I have a telephone of my own I won't have to waste time waiting outside these wretched telephone boxes.
等我自己有了电话,我就不用等在讨厌的电话亭外而浪费时间了。
Ann doesn't have to cook for herself.She works at a hotel and gets all hermeals there.
安不用自己做饭吃。她在一家饭店工作,在那里用餐。
3 然而,有时need not也可以用于表示外界权威,以代替won't/ don't need to或won't/don't have to等各种形式。这种用法尤其普遍地用于第一人称:
I needn't/won't/don't have to type this report today.Mr Jones said that there was no hurry about it.
我今天不必把这个报告打出来。琼斯先生说这份报告不急着要。
请注意,虽然 need not可用来表示将来的习惯性动作:
I'm retiring.After Friday I need never go to the office again.
我就要退休了。星期五之后我就再也不必到办公室去了。
但不能用 need not表示一个现在的习惯性动作:
I don't have to queue for my bus.I get on at the terminus.
我用不着排队等公共汽车。我在首发站上车。(这里不能用need
not。)
B 过去时
如need用于过去时,说话人的权威和外界权威之间的差别就消失了,因而我们可任意运用以下三种形式:didn't have to,didn't need to和hadn't got to。这几种用法不存在含义上的差别,但 hadn't got to不常用于表示习惯性动作。 didn't have to 是最常用的:
I didn't have to wait long.He was only a few minutes late.
我没等太长时间。他只迟到了几分钟。
When he was at university he didn't have to/need to pay anything for his keep,for he stayed with his uncle.
他读大学时不需要付食宿费用,因为他与他的叔父住在一起。




'Amber demo'


151 must,have to和 need用于疑问句

==================================
  ABC Amber CHM Converter v6。22
  Trial version
==================================
need?和must?都意味着说话的对方是有关的权威。need?还包含着说话人希望得到否定回答的含义:Must I go,moth… er?和Need I go,mother?含义相同,但在后一问句中,说话人希望他的母亲回答说“不”。need的另一种疑问式do I need?等也有同样的用法。注意以下各种可能的回答:
—Shall I have to go?
—Yes,you will./No,you won't.
—我必须去吗?
—是的,必须去。/不,不必去。
—Have I got to go?
—Yes,you have./No,you haven't.
—我必须去吗?
—是的,必须去。/不,不必去。
—Does he have to go?
—Yes,he does./No,he doesn't
—他必须去吗?
—是的,必须去。/不,不必去。
—Need I go?
—Yes,you must./No,you needn't.
—我需要去吗?
—是的,必须去。/不,不需要去。
—Must I go?
—Yes,you must./No,you needn't.
—我必须去吗?
—是的,必须去。/不,不需要去。




'Amber demo'


152 needn't+完成式

这个结构用来表示虽然不必要但却已完成的动作:
I needn't have written to him because he phoned me shortly 
返回目录 上一页 下一页 回到顶部 0 0
未阅读完?加入书签已便下次继续阅读!
温馨提示: 温看小说的同时发表评论,说出自己的看法和其它小伙伴们分享也不错哦!发表书评还可以获得积分和经验奖励,认真写原创书评 被采纳为精评可以获得大量金币、积分和经验奖励哦!