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牛津实用英语语法-第111章

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他向我谈到他儿子惨死的事时,不能自已了。(他失声痛哭了。)
(b)指丧失精神上的抵抗力:
At first he refused to admit his guilt but when he was shown the evidencehe broke down and confessed.
起初他否认有罪,但给他看证据时,他招架不住而供认了。
(c)指身体健康状况严重恶化:
After years of overwork his health broke down and he had to retire.
在多年劳累之后,他的身体垮了,只好退休。
(d)常指机器坏了:
The car broke down when we were driving through the desert and it tookus two days to repair it.
我们驾车横越沙漠时,汽车坏了,花了两天才修好。
(e)指交涉或谈判的破裂:
The negotiations broke down because neither side would promise.
因为双方都不肯妥协,谈判破裂了。
break in(intr), break into(tr)
(a)用暴力强行进入:
Thieves broke in and stole the silver.
窃贼破门而入,偷走了银器。
The house was broken into when the owner was on holiday.
屋主外出度假时,有贼破门而入。
(b)突然说话打断别人:
I was telling them about my travels when he broke in with a story of hisown.
我正在告诉他们我旅途中的事,他忽然插嘴讲起他自己的故事来。
break in 燼 young horse/pony etc.(tr)训练(马等)以供驾驭使用:
You cannot ride or drive a horse safely before he has been broken in.
在没有把马训练好以前,不管骑它还是用它驾车都是不安全的。
break off(tr/intr)解开,破开,使分裂开或自己破裂开:
He took a bar of chocolate and broke off a bit.(broke a bit off/broke itoff)
他拿出一板巧克力,掰下了一小块。
A piece of rock broke off and fell into the pool at the foot of the cliff.
一块岩石断裂开,掉到悬崖脚下的池塘里。
break off(tr)终止,停止,取消(常跟协议、协商或谈判等):
Ann has broken off her engagement to Tom.(broken her engagement off/broken it off)
安已经取消了同汤姆的婚约。
break off(intr)突然停止说话,突然住口:
They were in the middle of an argument but broke off when someonecame into the room.
他们正争吵不休,但有人进屋时他们突然住口了。
break out(intr)
(a)开始,爆发(常用于诸如战争、流行病、火灾等不好的事):
War broke out on 4 Angust.
战争于8月4日爆发。
(b)用暴力方法从监狱等地逃出:
They locked him up in a room but he broke out.
他们把他锁在一间屋里,可是他强行逃出了。(砸开门跑掉了)
The police are looking for two men who broke out of prison last night.
警方正在搜捕昨天晚上越狱逃跑的两名男子。
break up(tr/intr)(使)瓦解,(使)解体:
If that ship stays there she will break up/she will be broken up by thewaves.
那艘船如果停泊在那里,就会破的/会被浪头打散的。
The old ship was towed away to be broken up and sold as scrap.
那艘旧船被拖走以便拆散当废铁卖了。
Divorce breaks up a lot of families.(breaks families up/breaks them up)
离婚拆散了许多家庭。
break up(intr)(用于学校的学期、会议、聚会等)散会,放假:
The school broke up on 30 July and all the boys went home for the holi… days.
学校在7月30日放假了,男孩子们都回家度假去了。
The meeting broke up in confusion.
会议在一片混乱中散了。
bring
bring someone round(tr;宾语常位于round之前)
(a)说服某人接受以前所反对的建议:
After a lot of argument I brought him round to my point of view.
在争辩了很久之后,我说服他转念同意了我的看法。
(b)使恢复知觉:
She fainted with the pain but a little brandy soon brought her round.
她痛得昏厥了,但是一小点白兰地很快使她恢复了知觉。
bring a person or thing round(tr;宾语常位于 round之前)把人或物带到某人的住所去:
I have finished that book that you lent me; I’ll bring it round(to your house)tonight.
你借给我的书我已经看完了;我今晚上把它带(到你家里)来。
bring up(tr)
(a)教育培养儿童:
She brought up her children to be truthful.(brought her children up/brought them up)
她教导她的孩子们要真诚无欺。
(b)提起,谈到:
At the last mittee meeting,the treasurer brought up the question of raising the annual subscription.(brought the question up/brought it up)
委员会上一次开会时,财务主管提出了提高会员年费的问题。
burn
burn down(tr/intr)(完全)焚毁(指建筑物):
The mob burnt down the embassy.(burnt the embassy down/burnt it down)
乱民把大使馆焚毁了。
The hotel burnt down before help came.
旅馆在援助到来以前就烧毁了。
call
1 call走访,拜访
call at。走访一个地方:
I called at the bank and arranged to transfer some money.
我到银行去了一下,安排了款项过户的事宜。
call for到一个地方去取物或接人:
I am going to a pop concert with Tom.He is calling for me at eightso I must be ready then.
我要和汤姆去听流行歌曲音乐会。他8点钟来接我,因此我必须届时准备好。
Let’s leave our suitcases in the left luggage office and call for themlater on when we have the car.
咱们可以把行李存放在行李暂存处,等以后有车用时再来取。
call in(intr)同 look in和口语化的 drop in意思一样,是来访,来坐坐的意思:
Call in/Look in on your way home and tell me how the interviewwent.
你回家的路上来看我一下,告诉我面谈进行得如何。
call on拜访某人:
He called on all the housewives in the area and asked them to sign thepetition.
他走访了这一地区的所有主妇,要求他们在请愿书上签名。
2 call for/in/on的其他意思
call for(tr)要求,需要(这里的主语常是一个不用来指人的单词或短语,如 the situation形势/this sort of work这种工作/this此事等,宾语则常是一个表示某种性质的词,如 courage勇气/patience耐心/a steady hand稳当不抖的手):
The situation calls for tact.
对付这一形势要有策略。
You’ve got the job! This calls for a celebration.
你得到这份工作了!这需要庆祝一下。
但这里也可以用一个用来指人的主语:
The workers are calling for strike action.
工人们正要求采取罢工行动。
The relations of the dead men are calling for an inquiry.
死者们的亲属要求调查真相。
call in a person/call a person in派人去找某人来/请某人来家服务(send for比call in更显得主语权势大,因此callin是更有礼貌的说法):
It was too late to call in an electrician.(call an electrician in/call him in)
找电工来已太晚了。
There is some mystery about his death; the police have been calledin.
他的死有点儿蹊跷;已经去找警察来了。
call on somebody(常带动词不定式)要某人做某事/要某人给予帮助(较为正式的提出要求的方式,主要用于正式场合或演讲中,意味着提出要求的人认为所号召的事是另一人的责任):
The president called upon his people to make sacrifices for the good oftheir country.
总统号召人民为祖国的利益做出牺牲。
The chairman called on the secretary to read t
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